WCF身份验证一般常见的方式有:自定义用户名及密码验证、X509证书验证、ASP.NET成员资格(membership)验证、SOAP Header验证、Windows集成验证、WCF身份验证服务(AuthenticationService),这些验证方式其实网上都有相关的介绍文章,我这里算是一个总结吧,顺便对于一些注意细节进行说明,以便大家能更好的掌握这些知识。
第一种:自定义用户名及密码验证(需要借助X509证书)
由于该验证需要借助于X509证书,所以我们需要先创建一个证书,可以利用MS自带的makecert.exe程序来制作测试用证书,使用步骤:请依次打开开始->Microsoft Visual Studio 2010(VS菜单,版本不同,名称有所不同)->Visual Studio Tools->Visual Studio 命令提示,然后执行以下命令:
makecert -r -pe -n "CN=ZwjCert" -ss TrustedPeople -sr LocalMachine -sky exchange
上述命令中除了我标粗的部份可改成你实际的请求外(为证书名称),其余的均可以保持不变,命令的意思是:创建一个名为ZwjCert的证书将将其加入到本地计算机的受信任人区域中。
如果需要查看该证书,那么可以通过MMC控制台查询证书,具体操作步骤如下:
运行->MMC,第一次打开Windows没有给我们准备好直接的管理证书的入口,需要自行添加,添加方法如下:
1. 在控制台菜单,文件→添加/删除管理单元→添加按钮→选”证书”→添加→选”我的用户账户”→关闭→确定
2. 在控制台菜单,文件→添加/删除管理单元→添加按钮→选”证书”→添加→选”计算机账户”→关闭→确定这样MMC中左边就有菜单了,然后依次展开:证书(本地计算机)->受信任人->证书,最后就可以在右边的证书列表中看到自己的证书了,如下图示:
证书创建好,我们就可以开始编码了,本文主要讲的就是WCF,所以我们首先定义一个WCF服务契约及服务实现类(后面的各种验证均采用该WCF服务),我这里直接采用默认的代码,如下:
要实现用户名及密码验证,就需要定义一个继承自UserNamePasswordValidator的用户名及密码验证器类CustomUserNameValidator,代码如下:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 | namespace WcfAuthentications { public class CustomUserNameValidator : UserNamePasswordValidator { public override void Validate( string userName, string password) { if ( null == userName || null == password) { throw new ArgumentNullException(); } if (userName != "admin" && password != "wcf.admin" ) //这里可依实际情况下实现用户名及密码判断 { throw new System.IdentityModel.Tokens.SecurityTokenException( "Unknown Username or Password" ); } } } } |
代码很简单,只是重写其Validate方法,下面就是将创建WCF宿主,我这里采用控制台程序
代码部份:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 | namespace WcfHost { class Program { static void Main( string [] args) { using ( var host = new ServiceHost( typeof (Service1))) { host.Opened += delegate { Console.WriteLine( "Service1 Host已开启!" ); }; host.Open(); Console.ReadKey(); } } } } |
APP.CONFIG部份(这是重点,可以使用WCF配置工具来进行可视化操作配置,参见:http://www.cnblogs.com/Moosdau/archive/2011/04/17/2019002.html):
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 | < system.serviceModel > < bindings > < wsHttpBinding > < binding name="Service1Binding"> < security mode="Message"> < message clientCredentialType="UserName" /> </ security > </ binding > </ wsHttpBinding > </ bindings > < services > < service behaviorConfiguration="Service1Behavior" name="WcfAuthentications.Service1"> < endpoint address="" binding="wsHttpBinding" bindingConfiguration="Service1Binding" contract="WcfAuthentications.IService1"> < identity > < dns value="ZwjCert" /> </ identity > </ endpoint > < endpoint address="mex" binding="mexHttpBinding" contract="IMetadataExchange" /> < host > < baseAddresses > < add baseAddress="http://localhost:8732/WcfAuthentications/Service1/" /> </ baseAddresses > </ host > </ service > </ services > < behaviors > < serviceBehaviors > < behavior name="Service1Behavior"> < serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true" /> < serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="false" /> < serviceCredentials > < serviceCertificate findValue="ZwjCert" x509FindType="FindBySubjectName" storeLocation="LocalMachine" storeName="TrustedPeople" /> < userNameAuthentication userNamePasswordValidationMode="Custom" customUserNamePasswordValidatorType="WcfAuthentications.CustomUserNameValidator,WcfAuthentications" /> </ serviceCredentials > </ behavior > </ serviceBehaviors > </ behaviors > </ system.serviceModel > |
这里面有几个需要注意的点:
1.<dns value="ZwjCert" />与<serviceCertificate findValue="ZwjCert" ..>中的value必需都为证书的名称,即:ZwjCert;
2.Binding节点中需配置security节点,message子节点中的clientCredentialType必需设为:UserName;
3.serviceBehavior节点中,需配置serviceCredentials子节点,其中serviceCertificate 中各属性均需与证书相匹配,userNameAuthentication的userNamePasswordValidationMode必需为Custom,customUserNamePasswordValidatorType为上面自定义的用户名及密码验证器类的类型及其程序集
最后就是在客户端使用了,先引用服务,然后看下App.Config,并进行适当的修改,如下:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 | < system.serviceModel > < bindings > < wsHttpBinding > < binding name="WSHttpBinding_IService1" > < security mode="Message"> < transport clientCredentialType="Windows" proxyCredentialType="None" realm="" /> < message clientCredentialType="UserName" negotiateServiceCredential="true" algorithmSuite="Default" /> </ security > </ binding > </ wsHttpBinding > </ bindings > < client > < endpoint address="http://localhost:8732/WcfAuthentications/Service1/" binding="wsHttpBinding" bindingConfiguration="WSHttpBinding_IService1" contract="ServiceReference1.IService1" name="WSHttpBinding_IService1"> < identity > < dns value="ZwjCert" /> </ identity > </ endpoint > </ client > </ system.serviceModel > |
为了突出重点,我这里对Binding节点进行了精简,去掉了许多的属性配置,仅保留重要的部份,如:security节点,修改其endpoint下面的identity中<dns value="ZwjCert" />,这里的value与服务中所说的相同节点相同,就是证书名称,如果不相同,那么就会报错,具体的错误消息大家可以自行试下,我这里限于篇幅内容就不贴出来了。
客户端使用服务代码如下:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 | namespace WCFClient { class Program { static void Main( string [] args) { using ( var proxy = new ServiceReference1.Service1Client()) { proxy.ClientCredentials.UserName.UserName = "admin" ; proxy.ClientCredentials.UserName.Password = "wcf.admin" ; string result = proxy.GetData(1); Console.WriteLine(result); var compositeObj = proxy.GetDataUsingDataContract( new CompositeType() { BoolValue = true , StringValue = "test" }); Console.WriteLine(SerializerToJson(compositeObj)); } Console.ReadKey(); } /// <summary> /// 序列化成JSON字符串 /// </summary> static string SerializerToJson<T>(T obj) where T: class { var serializer = new DataContractJsonSerializer( typeof (T)); var stream = new MemoryStream(); serializer.WriteObject(stream,obj); byte [] dataBytes = new byte [stream.Length]; stream.Position = 0; stream.Read(dataBytes, 0, ( int )stream.Length); string dataString = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(dataBytes); return dataString; } } } |
运行结果如下图示:
如果不传入用户名及密码或传入不正确的用户名及密码,均会报错:
第二种:X509证书验证
首先创建一个证书,我这里就用上面创建的一个证书:ZwjCert;由于服务器端及客户端均需要用到该证书,所以需要导出证书,在客户端的电脑上导入该证书,以便WCF可进行验证。
WCF服务契约及服务实现类与第一种方法相同,不再重贴代码。
WCF服务器配置如下:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 | < system.serviceModel > < bindings > < wsHttpBinding > < binding name="Service1Binding"> < security mode="Message"> < message clientCredentialType="Certificate" /> </ security > </ binding > </ wsHttpBinding > </ bindings > < services > < service behaviorConfiguration="Service1Behavior" name="WcfAuthentications.Service1"> < endpoint address="" binding="wsHttpBinding" bindingConfiguration="Service1Binding" contract="WcfAuthentications.IService1"> </ endpoint > < endpoint address="mex" binding="mexHttpBinding" contract="IMetadataExchange" /> < host > < baseAddresses > < add baseAddress="http://127.0.0.1:8732/WcfAuthentications/Service1/" /> </ baseAddresses > </ host > </ service > </ services > < behaviors > < serviceBehaviors > < behavior name="Service1Behavior"> < serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true" /> < serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="false" /> < serviceCredentials > < serviceCertificate findValue="ZwjCert" x509FindType="FindBySubjectName" storeLocation="LocalMachine" storeName="TrustedPeople" /> < clientCertificate > < authentication certificateValidationMode="None"/> </ clientCertificate > </ serviceCredentials > </ behavior > </ serviceBehaviors > </ behaviors > </ system.serviceModel > |
这里需注意如下几点:
1.<message clientCredentialType="Certificate" />clientCredentialType设为:Certificate;
2.需配置serviceCredentials节点,其中serviceCertificate 中各属性均需与证书相匹配,clientCertificate里面我将authentication.certificateValidationMode="None",不设置采用默认值其实也可以;
客户端引用服务,自动生成如下配置信息:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 | < system.serviceModel > < bindings > < wsHttpBinding > < binding name="WSHttpBinding_IService1"> < security mode="Message"> < transport clientCredentialType="Windows" proxyCredentialType="None" realm="" /> < message clientCredentialType="Certificate" negotiateServiceCredential="true" algorithmSuite="Default" /> </ security > </ binding > </ wsHttpBinding > </ bindings > < client > < endpoint address="http://127.0.0.1:8732/WcfAuthentications/Service1/" binding="wsHttpBinding" bindingConfiguration="WSHttpBinding_IService1" contract="ServiceReference1.IService1" name="WSHttpBinding_IService1" behaviorConfiguration="Service1Nehavior"> < identity > < certificate encodedValue="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" /> </ identity > </ endpoint > </ client > < behaviors > < endpointBehaviors > < behavior name="Service1Nehavior"> < clientCredentials > < clientCertificate findValue="ZwjCert" x509FindType="FindBySubjectName" storeLocation="LocalMachine" storeName="TrustedPeople" /> </ clientCredentials > </ behavior > </ endpointBehaviors > </ behaviors > </ system.serviceModel > |
可以看出endpoint节点下的identity.certificate的encodedValue包含了加密的数据,另外需要手动增加clientCertificate配置信息,该信息表示证书在本地电脑存放的位置,当然也可以通过代码来动态指定,如:proxy.ClientCredentials.ClientCertificate.SetCertificate("ZwjCert", StoreLocation.LocalMachine, StoreName.My);
客户端使用服务代码如下:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 | static void Main( string [] args) { using ( var proxy = new ServiceReference1.Service1Client()) { //proxy.ClientCredentials.ClientCertificate.SetCertificate("ZwjCert", StoreLocation.LocalMachine, StoreName.My); //直接动态指定证书存储位置 string result = proxy.GetData(1); Console.WriteLine(result); var compositeObj = proxy.GetDataUsingDataContract( new CompositeType() { BoolValue = true , StringValue = "test" }); Console.WriteLine(SerializerToJson(compositeObj)); } Console.ReadKey(); } |
网上还有另类的针对X509证书验证,主要是采用了自定义的证书验证器类,有兴趣的可以参见这篇文章:
第三种:ASP.NET成员资格(membership)验证
由于该验证需要借助于X509证书,所以仍然需要创建一个证书(方法如第一种中创建证书方法相同):ZwjCert;
由于该种验证方法是基于ASP.NET的membership,所以需要创建相应的数据库及创建账号,创建数据库,请通过运行aspnet_regsql.exe向导来创建数据库及其相关的表,通过打开ASP.NET 网站管理工具(是一个自带的管理网站),并在上面创建角色及用户,用于后续的验证;
这里特别说明一下,若采用VS2013,VS上是没有自带的GUI按钮来启动该管理工具网站,需要通过如下命令来动态编译该网站:
1 2 | cd C:\Program Files\IIS Express iisexpress.exe /path :C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\ASP.NETWebAdminFiles /vpath : /WebAdmin /port :12345 /clr :4.0 /ntlm |
编译时若出现报错:“System.Configuration.StringUtil”不可访问,因为它受保护级别限制,请将WebAdminPage.cs中代码作如下修改:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 | //取消部份: string appId = StringUtil.GetNonRandomizedHashCode(String.Concat(appPath, appPhysPath)).ToString( "x" , CultureInfo.InvariantCulture); //新增加部份: Assembly sysConfig = Assembly.LoadFile( @"C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\System.Configuration.dll" ); Type sysConfigType = sysConfig.GetType( "System.Configuration.StringUtil" ); string appId = (( int )sysConfigType.GetMethod( "GetNonRandomizedHashCode" ).Invoke( null , new object [] { String.Concat(appPath, appPhysPath), true })).ToString( "x" , CultureInfo.InvariantCulture); |
这样就可以按照命令生生成的网址进行访问就可以了。如果像我一样,操作系统为:WINDOWS 10,那么不好意思,生成的网站虽然能够打开,但仍会报错:
遇到错误。请返回上一页并重试。
目前没有找到解决方案,网上有说ASP.NET网站管理工具在WIN10下不被支持,到底为何暂时无解,若大家有知道的还请分享一下(CSDN有别人的求问贴:),非常感谢,我这里就只好换台电脑来运行ASP.NET管理工具网站了。
WCF服务端配置如下:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 | < connectionStrings > < add name="SqlConn" connectionString="Server=.;Database=aspnetdb;Uid=sa;Pwd=www.zuowenjun.cn;"/> </ connectionStrings > < system.web > < compilation debug="true" targetFramework="4.5" /> < httpRuntime targetFramework="4.5"/> < membership defaultProvider="SqlMembershipProvider"> < providers > < clear /> < add name="SqlMembershipProvider" type="System.Web.Security.SqlMembershipProvider" connectionStringName="SqlConn" applicationName="/" enablePasswordRetrieval="false" enablePasswordReset="false" requiresQuestionAndAnswer="false" requiresUniqueEmail="true" passwordFormat="Hashed"/> </ providers > </ membership > </ system.web > < system.serviceModel > < behaviors > < serviceBehaviors > < behavior name="Service1Behavior"> < serviceCredentials > < serviceCertificate findValue="ZwjCert" storeLocation="LocalMachine" storeName="TrustedPeople" x509FindType="FindBySubjectName" /> < userNameAuthentication userNamePasswordValidationMode="MembershipProvider" membershipProviderName="SqlMembershipProvider" /> </ serviceCredentials > < serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true" httpsGetEnabled="true" /> < serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="false" /> </ behavior > </ serviceBehaviors > </ behaviors > < bindings > < wsHttpBinding > < binding name="Service1Binding"> < security mode="Message"> < message clientCredentialType="UserName"/> </ security > </ binding > </ wsHttpBinding > </ bindings > < serviceHostingEnvironment aspNetCompatibilityEnabled="true" multipleSiteBindingsEnabled="true" /> < services > < service name="WcfService1.Service1" behaviorConfiguration="Service1Behavior"> < endpoint address="" binding="wsHttpBinding" contract="WcfService1.IService1" bindingConfiguration="Service1Binding"> </ endpoint > </ service > </ services > </ system.serviceModel > |
这里需注意几点:
1.配置connectionString,连接到membership所需的数据库;
2.配置membership,增加SqlMembershipProvider属性配置;
3.配置serviceCredential,与第一种基本相同,不同的是userNameAuthentication的配置:userNamePasswordValidationMode="MembershipProvider",membershipProviderName="SqlMembershipProvider";
4.配置Binding节点<message clientCredentialType="UserName"/>,这与第一种相同;
客户端引用WCF服务,查看生成的配置文件内容,需确保Binding节点有以下配置信息:
1 2 3 | < security mode="Message"> < message clientCredentialType="UserName" /> </ security > |
最后使用WCF服务,使用代码与第一种相同,唯一需要注意的是,传入的UserName和Password均为ASP.NET网站管理工具中创建的用户信息。
另外我们也可以采用membership+Form验证,利用ASP.NET的身份验证机制,要实现这种模式,是需要采用svc文件,并寄宿在IIS上,具体实现方法,参见: